A guided map of networking knowledge.

How much data a link can carry.

An endpoint that sends or receives data.

Hardware that connects a host to a network.

A simple repeater for physical signals.

Connects local networks to an ISP link.

Electrical, optical, or radio changes that carry bits.

Forwards Ethernet frames inside a LAN.

Connects wireless clients to a LAN.

The dominant LAN technology for frames.

Layer 2 containers for local delivery.

Local hardware addresses used by Ethernet.

Finds a MAC address for an IPv4 address.

Moves packets between networks.

Allows or blocks traffic by rule.

The next hop out of a local network.

A logical address for network delivery.

32-bit addresses written as four octets.

128-bit addressing for modern networks.

Numbers that identify application sockets.

Reliable transport for ordered byte streams.

Lightweight transport without delivery guarantees.

Retransmission and acknowledgements keep data reliable.

Track byte positions in a TCP stream.

Tell the sender what arrived.

State that links related exchanges.

Creating, maintaining, and ending sessions.

Secure session setup at a high level.

Representing data in agreed formats.

Reducing payload size before transfer.

Protecting content from observers.

Turning objects into transferable bytes.

Provides applications or resources to clients.

Turns names into addresses.

Automatically assigns host network settings.

Request and response protocol for the web.

HTTP protected by TLS encryption.

Secure remote shell access.